Issue №4 / 2023

The article touches upon the issues of the effectiveness of opposition to radical movements that have become widespread throughout the world. The author defines different directions of destructive activity, thereby delineating the concepts and explaining the danger of religious extremism, which forms a distorted perception in society about a particular religious teaching. A brief description of the ideological process of the formation of radical movements with their subsequent extremism is given. The analytical study presented in this material summarizes the colossal work carried out and implemented in the Syrian Arab Republic to counter the ideas of extremist terrorist takfiri. The practical significance is represented by a consistent decoding of all the points used in the work on the deradicalization of society, as well as a system of state organizations aimed at professional work with the public.

This article is devoted to the issues of preserving religious traditions and values in a modern family. The trends in the spread of traditional approaches and moral principles to family and family relationships in Western countries, caused by the secularization of European society and the decreasing role of religion and traditional Christian values in the life of European society, are outlined. The Russian state policy aimed at preserving and strengthening traditional Russian spiritual and moral values is considered. The important attitude in Orthodoxy and Islam to traditional family values, which are united in necessity: preservation of the only form of marriage – between a man and a woman, procreation, protection of the institution of family, patriotism, etc., is emphasized, with reference to the Holy Scriptures and Traditions of the Orthodox and Muslims, which is also enshrined in the social doctrines of both faiths. In conclusion, a number of problems are highlighted that require the combined efforts of representatives of traditional religions of the Russian Federation.

The research is devoted to the history of Arabic manuscripts in Russia and focuses on their importance for understanding the mutual influence of two cultures – Russian and Arabic. The linguistic and idiomatic definitions of the manuscript are given, their scientific and historical significance is studied. The process of transfer (acquisition) of Arabic manuscripts, as well as the participation of Orientalists in this process, is investigated. Special attention is paid to the role of the Asian Museum and Libraries in collecting handwritten heritage, as well as in organizing its storage. The efforts of Russian researchers in studying the influence of Islam on Russian culture and in the formation of centers of Islamic book culture are also highlighted. The importance of continuing this work to document the cultural relationship between the Arab and Russian worlds is emphasized.ridge linking the rich past and present, which benefits from this diverse cultural heritage.

The Center for Islamic Heritage of the Bolgar Islamic Academy, established in 2018, conducts research work on the study of Russian Islamic heritage. The main activities of the center are: organizing and conducting fundamental and applied research work in the field of studying the Islamic heritage; popularization of the traditional Islamic heritage of the peoples of Russia; assistance in improving the quality of research work carried out by Academy students; ensuring the research activity of teachers, researchers, doctoral students and undergraduates of the Academy; introduction of the results of research and other developments into the educational process; searching for and attracting specialists to organize the educational process at the Academy and manage research and graduate qualification works; development of scientific relations of the Academy with leading Russian and world centers for the study of Islamic heritage; organizing and conducting scientific and practical events aimed at reviving and popularizing the theological heritage of the Islamic world.

The article describes the life of Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Zaila‘i, known as the great Fakih. The biography of the imam and his writings have been little studied. Hanafi scholars (scholars of Transoxiana, Hijaz and others) they did not pay attention to the biographies of famous personalities. The article contains a biography of Imam az-Zayla‘i, collected from disparate descriptions and information.

This article discusses the criteria for assigning lost items. The issue was studied in order to clarify the situation of the discovery, transfer, acquisition, storage and use of the found property. In rural areas, the problem of loss of livestock as a result of an attack by wild animals or the lagging of an animal from the herd and its loss is urgent. Often such a situation leads to disputes about the process of returning property or compensating the owner of livestock for losses incurred. Substantiating these processes from the point of view of Shafi’i doctrines is the task of decision-making Muslim scholars. The article examines the opinion on the finding and appropriation of the property of two researchers, raises the topic of the return of what was found and punishment for inaction in this matter.

There is a big disagreement in matters of the Vitr prayer, in the number of rakahats and in the structure itself. And there is an urgent need to clarify its essence in the Hanafi legal school from the point of view of the book of Halyabi Kabir. This article contains four topics (questions) in which the definitions of the Vitr prayer, its position (hukm), the number of rakahats, the prayer of Kunut among the Hanafites are studied. The article presents disagreements regarding the religious position of the Witr prayer, which opinion is the most correct with evidence, why Hanafis perform three rakʼahs of Witr prayer, the Qunut prayer is read before the bow, and not after it, and which of the Qunut prayers is better to read in our madhhab. In the conclusion of the article there are conclusions that have been reached and this is that Witr prayer in the Hanafi madhhab: is wajib, the one who does not perform it is considered to have committed a sin, but whoever denies its obligatory nature is not deduced from Islam (is not a kafir); consists of three rakʼats with one salam; the Qunut prayer is read before bowing from the waist.

The article provides the interpretation of the Quranic verse on debt (surah “al-Baqarah”, verse (aya) 282). For comparative analysis, the following sources were selected, the interpretations (tafsirs) of the Qurʼan by An-Nasafi and G. Barudi. Based on the results of the analysis, the following conclusions were made: Both tafseers are short. The authors provide translations of the meanings of parts of each verse. An-Nasafi gives the comment immediately, and Barudi at the end of the verse. An-Nasafiʼs work appeared earlier than Barudi’s. His work and other tafsirs were used by Barudi. Thus, each work contains some propositions that the other does not have.

This article explores an important issue of the fatwas of Shamghudi written by the famous scholar of Dagestan from the nineteenth century, an expert in Islamic jurisprudence, the thinker Haji Muhammad from the village of Shamghudi, who had a great influence in preserving the Shafiʼi school of thought in Dagestan. Although the book “Fatawa Shamgoudi” was written during the reign of Imam Shamil, the third imam in the Caucasus, it did not lose its importance in preserving and developing the Shafiʼi madhab.

This article is a demonstration of some theological preferences of the famous mujtahid jurist of the Hanafi madhhab, Imam Qadi Khan, in the science of fiqh in the section “Ablution”, in which the imam contradicted what the Hanafi madhhab later established as those legal provisions that are approved as the only true ones and which should be followed make a Sharia decision. As an example, the article provides five such questions that reveal this contradiction and inconsistency. At the beginning of each example, the essence of the Sharia issue is formulated, then the approved opinion of the madhhab is voiced, and only then the opinion of Qadi Khan himself is mentioned in the given question in which he thought differently. The article is not limited to just mentioning opinions, however, these opinions are accompanied by providing evidence and indicating the reasons for which the preferences of the madhhab and the preferences of Imam Qadi Khan on a given issue are determined. The book of the famous Hanafi jurist of the later generation, Ibn Abidin, “Radd al-Mukhtar” was used as the main source for presenting the approved opinion of the Hanafi madhhab. The preferences of Imam Qadi Khan are given from his books such as “Sharh al-Jami as-Saghir” and “Fatawa Qadi Khan”. The conclusions of the author of the article summarize the results of the study.

The article examines the peculiarities of Shamilʼs election as imam in 1834, his activity as the leader of the peopleʼs liberation struggle of the peoples of Dagestan and Chechnya in the first half of the XIX century. The first reforms of Shamil in relation to the existing adats and Sharit, the creation of nizams to streamline the life of mountaineers in the imamate are considered. The author draws conclusions about the results achieved by the imam, namely the creation of an imamate that united the disparate communities of Dagestan and Chechnya under the banner of Islam.

The study of handwritten works has always had a significant place in the scientific field of activity. The relevance of this topic is given by the intensification of interest in the topic of manuscripts, especially theological content. During the Great Patriotic War, there was an interest on the part of the population in both religion and everything related to the theological heritage. The article is about a handwritten collection of fatwas by Haji Muhammad Al-Shumgudi.