Issue №12 / 2025

The article is devoted to the attitude of Islamic law to the use of food additives of insect origin in the modern food industry, using the example of the natural dye carmine (E120), as well as insect powder (mealworms, crickets), officially recognized by the European Commission as a substitute for meat. The first has already become widespread in food products, the second will be used in the near future as an alternative to protein and other vital substances. Traditional jurisprudence considers entomophagy prohibited, but this is not the only opinion among jurists. Maliki scholars permit it. Modern fatwa houses generally issue rulings on carmine and insects based on the Maliki school of thought. The author presents arguments in support of this opinion and also analyzes the general position of the Malikis regarding other equally controversial products.

The article analyzes the state of scientific discoveries and data related to the life and theological heritage of Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi. New unpublished data from domestic and foreign researchers have been published.

This article offers an analytical overview of the personality and scholarly legacy of Imam Abu Hanifa within a historical framework. Recognized as one of the most prominent Islamic scholars and the founder of the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, Imam Abu Hanifa exerted a profound influence on the development of Islamic legal thought. The study explores his biography, major works, legal methodology, and his pivotal role in the formation of Islamic law. Particular attention is given to his approach to fiqh, especially his use of rational analysis and analogical reasoning (qiyаs) in deriving legal judgments. The article also examines his interactions with contemporaries, the influence of his students, and the dissemination of the Hanafi school across various regions of the Muslim world. The relevance of this research lies in the enduring significance of Imam Abu Hanifa’s intellectual heritage in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence and theological discourse. His works and methodological contributions continue to be a subject of in-depth study both among traditional Islamic scholars and within academic settings. The article contributes to a deeper understanding of his role in the development of the Islamic legal system and intellectual tradition.

The article is dedicated to the biography and works of the outstanding Islamic scholar Imam Wali al-Din al-Mallawi, was one of the prominent Islamic scholars of the medieval period, known for his works in the fields of Quranic exegesis, Islamic jurisprudence, and spiritual sciences. His significant contribution to the development of the Shafi’i legal school, as well as to Islamic exegesis, remains relevant to this day. Al-Mallawi belonged to the Shafi’i legal school and was actively involved in teaching and spreading Islamic knowledge. His works cover not only fiqh and tafsir but also rhetorical, spiritual, and pedagogical aspects of Islamic sciences.

The article presents a linguistic and thematic analysis of the semantic fields in the Quranic narrative. Using corpus methods and digital tools, key conceptual domains that form the semantic structure of the sacred text are identified. Special attention is given to recurrent lexical and semantic groups that reflect topics such as divine unity, prophecy, eschatology, ethics, and social justice. By comparing the distribution of these semantic fields between different suras, we can trace their functional role in the architecture of the text and identify stylistic features of Quranic rhetoric. The research is based on data from an Arabic language corpus, which allows for an in-depth analysis not only of the text itself, but also of its diachronic development, including comparisons with subsequent layers of Arabic literary and religious traditions. The results obtained from this study expand our understanding of the semantic organization of the Quran and provide a foundation for further contextual and pragmatic analysis of its narrative techniques.

This article provides a comprehensive examination of ijmа as one of the principal sources of Islamic law and a foundational component of classical uṣul al-fiqh. The relevance of the topic stems from the increasing need within contemporary Muslim societies to rely on authoritative methodological principles of Ahl alSunna wa-l-Jamаa, which ensure the reliability and integrity of the Sharia legal framework. The study explores both the linguistic and juristic definitions of ijmа presented by leading scholars of the four Sunni legal schools, including al-Shafii, al-Juwayni, al-Ghazali, alAmidi, and other authoritative figures. The evidentiary foundations of ijma are carefully analyzed, drawing on Quranic verses, authentic Prophetic ḥadiths, and rational arguments that highlight the role of collective ijtihad in preserving religious norms. Special emphasis is placed on the conditions required for the validity of ijma, which function as essential mechanisms ensuring the authenticity and textual conformity of the resulting ruling. The article demonstrates that ijma can only be established through the unanimous agreement of all qualified mujtahid scholars of a given era, the absence of any reliably transmitted dissent, and complete consistency with the Quran and the Sunna. The historical section traces the development of the concept beginning with the era of the Companions, whose practice of collective consensus laid the groundwork for later theoretical elaboration, and continuing through its systematic formulation in the works of classical jurists. Furthermore, the article underscores the contemporary importance of ijma as a methodological tool capable of harmonizing legal approaches among Islamic schools and providing coherent solutions to emerging juristic issues. The study concludes that ijma should be viewed not only as a legal-proof category, but also as a vital element in preserving the unity of the Muslim community and maintaining continuity within the Sharia legal tradition.

This article analyzes the formation and development of the science of usul al-fiqh in the intellectual tradition of Tatar Muslims from the late 18th to the early 20th centuries. Based on historical sources and published works, the article examines the role of usul al-fiqh as a methodological basis for Islamic jurisprudence, its significance in the work of Tatar scholars, and its influence on the development of madrasah curricula. Particular attention is given to Kazan as a major center of Islamic education and publishing, where the main and fundamental Hanafi books on fiqh, aqidah, usul al-fiqh. Tatar scholars adapting Sharia methodology to the socio-political realities of the Russian Empire. Here is a list of some works by Islamic theologians. It describes the scientific and educational upsurge of the Tatar ummah in the 19th century: the establishment of a spiritual administration, permission to build mosques, the active spread of printing, and the formation of a sustainable educational infrastructure. It demonstrates that the science of usul al-fiqh was at the center of theological and legal debates, as it provided the methodological basis for issuing fatwas and addressing emerging social issues. The insufficient level of modern study and publication of many works by Tatar scholars is noted, the need for their research, critical publication, and integration into scholarship is emphasized.

The article is devoted to the Muslim scholar and theologian of the 7th century AH, the Muhaqqiq and Fiqh of the Maliki madhab, Sheikh Abu Muhammad Abdullah Ibn Abi Jamra. It mentions his works and contribution to the Islamic scientific heritage, which are studied throughout the Muslim world, but are not available to the Russian-speaking reader.

The article focuses on the contribution of the journal “Ad-din val-Adab” (1906–1917) to Islamic thought, spiritual enlightenment, and the national and cultural life of the Kazan Tatars in the early 20th century. It explores the pressing social issues addressed in the journal, as well as the role of its first editor-in-chief, a renowned Muslim scholar, religious and social activist, theologian, educator, and theorist of the religious reform movement, al-Barudi. The article provides a brief analysis of the national press of the Kazan Tatars, including the Islamic press. The journal pays special attention to analyzing the concepts of ijtihad, taqleed, and traditional Islam.

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of applying Islamic theological knowledge in modern religious studies expertise conducted in the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the role of the Islamic theological tradition in shaping the methodological foundations of expert research, as well as to the problems of legal regulation, institutionalization, and professional competence of experts. The theological approach is presented as an integral component of scientific analysis that provides a deeper understanding of the internal logic of religious systems, their axiological foundations, and historical-doctrinal contexts. The paper explores the key directions in the development of religious expertise as an interdisciplinary field that unites law, philosophy, sociology of religion, and theology. It emphasizes that theology, with its developed conceptual apparatus and moral-intellectual potential, can fill the methodological gap often observed in the interpretation of sacred texts and religious norms. The research draws on the works of Russian scholars and allowing for a synthetic approach to understanding religious expertise as a form of cultural and academic mediation. The study highlights the necessity of integrating theological categories (ʻaqida, fiqh, kalam, tafsir) into expert practices, especially when evaluating Islamic educational programs, theological texts, and social initiatives. The article concludes that the formation of a new interdisciplinary field – theologically informed expertise – is essential for strengthening scientific, legal, and spiritual interaction within the system of state-confessional relations and for promoting social harmony based on religious understanding.

The Quran serves as the primary source of Sharia law, and each ethnic group has its own schools of interpretation. The author attempts to answer the question of whether Indian and Tatar scholars had their own schools of interpretation and whether there was any connection between them.