Issue №5 / 2024

The article presents an analysis “Wafiyat al-aslaf wa tahiyat al-akhlaf” (“Detailed about predecessors and greetings to descendants”) is a biographical encyclopaedic dictionary about 6057 famous scientists, writers, philosophers, dignitaries, rulers and figures of the East, made by Shihabuddin Marjani in Arabic in the form of a manuscript of six volumes. The aim of the research is to study in more detail the historical period 170–181 Hijra as described in “Wafiyyat al-aslaf wa tahiyyat al-akhlaf”. The task of the study was to understand the religious, cultural, educational, and social aspects of the life of that time through the example of ten outstanding personalities cited in this work: Musa (al-Hadi) bin Muhammad (al-Mahdi) Ibn Abi Jaʼfar al-Mansur, Al-Hayzauran bint Ata, wife of Caliph Al-Mahdi and mother of Al-Hadi and AlRashid, son of Muhammad (Al-Mahdi), son of Al-Mansur Al-Abbasi, Abu Jaafar – fifth caliph of the Abbasid state in Iraq, Marwan bin Sulayman bin Yahya bin Abi Hafsa, Abu Yusuf Yaʼqub bin Ibrahim al-Ansari.

The article deals with the issue of divorce in Islam. A manʼs threat of divorce often becomes a means of intimidating a woman and makes the family, including children, dependent on the recklessness and whims of a man. On the female side, blackmail is often also present in order to deprive men of money, housing, and custody of children. But Islam has left no room for resentment, hatred, disagreement or enmity in the issue of divorce, it is based on the principles of justice for women in all matters.

Breastfeeding has many rules in Islam, some of which are mentioned in the Quran and the Sunnah. The article is devoted to the study of the fatwa of Muhammad al-Shamgudi. It is compared with the statements of Ibn Hajar al-Haythami regarding the establishment of family relations through breastfeeding.

The article is devoted to the works of the Maturidite scientists. Their brief description and characteristics are given.

In Islam, great attention is paid to the regulation of trade and economic relations in society. The author discusses the basics of trade relations within the framework of the Shafiʼi law school, analyzes the sale process and various types of trade, conditions and norms of trade transactions. Principles and practices aimed at observing Islamic norms in the economy are important for people who combine religious beliefs and entrepreneurial activities.

This article discusses the concept of sinlessness and its relation to the prophets and messengers of Allah Almighty. Sinlessness is a special quality inherent only in prophets and messengers, as they were sent down by Allah to teach religion, and even the slightest sin committed by them can undermine the foundations of religion. And this article also discusses the different points of view on this issue, and the arguments of each side. And it is explained that sins are divided into two kinds: major sins, such as joining a fellow believer to God, killing an innocent person, adultery, etc. Minor sins are divided into two kinds: those that are considered low and despicable so that the one who committed them is considered despicable and low, and those that are not. It proves the untenability and inadmissibility of following the opinion of some scholars who said that the prophets are sinless only with regard to big sins and small mean sins, and committing small sins is permissible and it does not diminish their dignity. The truth of the opinion that prophets are protected from all kinds of sins big and small is proved. But all of them are unanimous that Prophets do not commit big sins and mean small sins. In this article we will explore the vision of Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ahmad Shams al-Din al-Qurtubi al-Maliki on this issue.

There are two areas of hadith analysis: dabt sadr and dabt kitab. These requirements are based on the understanding of the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad “Whoever lied against me on purpose, let him prepare to take his place in the Fire”, therefore, the transmitters were afraid of making mistakes when transmitting hadiths and strict requirements were set for the transmitters of the hadith. Examples are given of the differences in the methodology of hadith analysis in understanding the meaning of the hadith and making legal decisions.

One of the most important requirements for banks to apply the Islamic banking sys-tem is that they have a Shariah governance system in place, and the most important com-ponents of Shariah governance are the existence of a Shariah Supervisory Board comprising competent scholars in Islamic jurisprudence, economics, and finance. This body supervises banking products to ensure that they comply with the principles of Shariah, its ethical values, and strict rules prohibiting RIBA, ʼinterest systemʼ, gharar, and other types of unethical contracts in accordance with the clear principles of Shariah in this area. This article reviews the concept of internal Shariah control in Islamic banks, then shows the obstacles and problems encountered in its application in conventional banks that have converted to Islamic banks or opened branches to provide Islamic financial services.

The article examines the issue of waqf property, in particular fatwa al-Shamgudi and “Tuhfat al-Mukhtaj” by Ibn Hajar al-Khatimi.

The topic of science and the educational process in Islam was touched upon in his writings by the prominent Tatar scientist Shihabuddin Marjani. The article analyzes an excerpt from Marjaniʼs book “Mukaddima kitab wafiyyat al-aslaf wa tahiyyat al-ahlaf”, reveals the position of the scientist regarding the problems of Muslim religious education.

The article is devoted to the problem of confrontation between Kadimists and Jadidists on the issue of reforming the Tatar education system. For the Tatar society, it had far-reaching consequences that influenced the development of education, culture and social life of the Tatars. Both educational systems played an important role in the Tatar history of the early 20th century, contributing to the emergence of a new generation of Tatar intellectuals who played an important role in the national liberation movement of the Tatars. A wide polemic of Kadimists and Jadidists unfolded on the pages of the magazine “Din va magyshat”. The author provides an analysis of the journal articles from 1912 to 1917 on this issue.

The article examines the artistic originality of the works of M. Jalil and M. Darvish, which found expression in compositional techniques, original plots and images, and special linguistic means. A comparative analysis of the authorsʼ creativity based on the materials of works devoted to the theme of the Motherland is presented. The study of linguistic units contributes to understanding not only the differences in the peculiarities of thinking and stereotypes of representatives of different linguocultures, but also the commonality of values. The methods of stylistic and intertextual analysis were used in the research.