Issue №9 / 2025

In recent decades, there has been a significant change in the status of the family as a social institution in Western Europe and the United States.: the number of marriages is decreasing against the background of an increase in the number of divorces, small families have become the norm, the concept of so-called civil marriage has become entrenched, there is loyalty to gender reassignment, same-sex marriage, etc. These negative trends have also affected Russia, which leads to unsatisfactory demographic indicators, namely a decrease in population growth. The social necessity of preserving traditional family values has become not only a state, but also a universal task. It is necessary to create effective public and state mechanisms that contribute to solving demographic problems, including in line with economic policy.

Various personal factors contribute to the formation of a healthy religious consciousness of Muslims, among which the main role is played by the level of education, critical thinking and the desire for open dialogue. Religious misconceptions in Islam are a complex problem that can lead to radicalization and extremism. The article is devoted to the main religious misconceptions in Islam, as well as the role and methods of Islamic education in preventing these phenomena.

The article raises the issue of the relevance of debates in the modern world, which are becoming an important tool for the development of scientific thought, critical analysis, and research skills. They contribute to the formation of a wellreasoned position, the ability to analyze different viewpoints, and the construction of logically substantiated arguments. Debates help refine scientific knowledge by eliminating subjectivity, uncovering objective truth, and fostering the emergence of new ideas. Additionally, they cultivate a culture of scientific discourse, establish a unified conceptual framework, and promote a shared scientific language. The relevance of debates in education and scientific research is determined by their role in stimulating intellectual activity, searching for solutions to complex problems, and advancing scientific progress. Thus, debates are not merely a tool for education and the development of scientific skills but also a powerful factor contributing to the formation of innovative ideas, stimulating intellectual inquiry, and ensuring the progressive advancement of science as a whole.

This article discusses Binary Oppositions as conceptual pairs that contrast different ideas or categories. They can be either philosophical (e.g. good and evil) or cultural (e.g. light and darkness). In literature, binary oppositions help to create the structure of the narrative and increase the emotional load of the text. One of the most striking binary oppositions in the Quran is the opposition between good and evil. The Qur’an often describes the actions of the righteous and sinners, emphasising the importance of choosing between these two paths. Light and darkness are also important binary oppositions in the Quran. Light symbolises divine guidance, truth and knowledge, whereas darkness is associated with delusion, disbelief and ignorance. Binary oppositions in the Quran play an important role in conveying religious ideas and moral lessons. They help structure the text, deepen understanding of key concepts, and enhance the emotional impact of the work. The study of these oppositions opens new horizons for understanding the Quran as a complex literary and philosophical work that continues to influence millions of people around the world.

The article is devoted to the study of the work “Hazinat alulama wa zinat al-fukaha” (The treasury of scholars and the ornament of jurists) by the Golden Horde theologian of the XIV century Muhammad al-Bulgari. Al-Bulgari places knowledge at the centre of the work. He argues that knowledge is a key element in the life of a Muslim and serves as the basis for spiritual and moral development. Ethical standards occupy an important place in the work. Al-Bulgari emphasises that knowledge must be accompanied by virtue. Al-Bulgari emphasises the social responsibility of scholars and jurists to society. Spirituality is central to al-Bulgari’s work. He links knowledge with spiritual development, asserting that true knowledge leads to approach God. Muhammad al-Bulgari’s work is not only a vast source of knowledge, but also an important philosophical work reflecting the value picture of the world in Islam.

Ignorance of some Sharia provisions related to divorce makes the problem relevant for Islamic society. The article is dedicated to the “triple divorce”. The author compares the opinions of two prominent scholars of the Shafi’i madhhab on this issue: Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Badawi al-Khartikuni (the book “Fatawa al-Khartikuni”) and Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ali ibn Hajar al-Haythami.

The article is devoted to an important source for the study of the theological and legal aspects of Islamic law – the fatwas of Hajj Muhammad al-Shamgudi on the issue of apostasy. They demonstrate a combination of a scholar’s deep knowledge of Fiqh, respect for traditions, and careful attention to context. Al-Shamgudi relied on the opinions of his predecessors, such as al-Nawawi and Ibn Hajar al-Haythami, when making decisions.

The article is devoted to the relationship of Abd ar-Rahman al-Kursawiʼs book Tashil al-Wusul with other writings of usul al-fiqh, as well as some important notes of this work. Kursawi is a follower of the scholars of the science of usul al-Fiqh, especially Manar Al-Anwar Imam Al-Nasafi. This demonstrates his interest in Sharia sciences and the method of Ahlu-sSunnah wa Al-Jamaʼa scholars.

The article is devoted to the biography of the Tatar theologian Abd-ar-Rahman al-Kursawi (died 1909) and his scientific work “Hashiyat tashil Al-woosul fi mukhtasar sydk al-usul” (Supracommentary “Facilitating access to the compendium fundamentals of truth”), which was written on the basis of his father’s book Ali Al-Kursawi (1820–1894) «Sydk al-usul», with whom he falls in love, the heir of the law school is considered Abu-n-Nasr al-Kursawi (1776–1812), as well as the book of imam al-Nasafi (1223–1310) “Manar al-anwar” and commentaries on it, which form the basis for the work of Ibn Habib al-Halabi (1311–1317) “Mukhtasar al-Manar”, who compiled the supracommentary of Abd-ar-Rahman al-Kursawi.

The Holy Book of Islam, the Quran, is not only a religious text, but also a deep source of understanding of human nature, including emotions. The main emotions in the Quran are joy and gratitude. The surahs of the Quran describe the importance of thanking Allah for His gifts and mercies. The fear of Allah and His might also occupies an important place in the Qur’an. This fear is not negative, it serves as an incentive for spiritual growth and striving for a righteous life. Envy and hatred are considered as negative emotions that can destroy relationships between people. A comparative analysis of human emotions in the surahs of the Quran demonstrates that Islamic teaching penetrates deeply into human psychology, offering him tools for understanding and managing his feelings.

This article examines the issue of conflicting hadith in Islamic theology, focusing on the views of Imam al-Shаfiʻi, one of the earliest Muslim scholars. In particular, his approach to the hadith about consuming the meat of a sacrificial animal after three days of sacrifice (Eid al-Adha) is discussed. Imam al-Shafiʻi argues that the prohibition of keeping meat after this period is not obligatory, but only recommended.

Islamic tradition pays great attention to the issues of nutrition and halal compliance. The issue of permissibility of consuming hunted meat is a hot topic in Islamic jurisprudence. In this article, we will examine the views of the renowned scholar of theology Tahir Abd al-Rashid al-Bukhari on this issue and analyse his approach to the topic of hunting and meat consumption.